What are the cost components of an energy storage battery?
Cost Components of Storage Batteries
The lithium-ion energy storage industry chain consists of upstream equipment vendors, midstream integrators and downstream end users. The equipment includes batteries, EMS (energy management system), BMS (battery management system), PCS (converter); the integrators include energy storage system integration and EPC; and the end-users are composed of power generation side, grid side, user side, and communication/data centre.
Energy storage battery is the core part of electrochemical energy storage system. The mainstream batteries currently on the market can be broadly divided into lithium-ion batteries, lead-carbon batteries, liquid current batteries and sodium-ion batteries according to different technology routes. Batteries of different technology routes have different response speeds and discharge efficiencies, as well as their own scope of application and advantages and disadvantages.
Comparison of batteries of different technology routes
Battery cost is the main cost of electrochemical energy storage system, and it is the main link for future industrial chain technology iteration and cost reduction. In a complete electrochemical energy storage system, the cost of the battery pack accounts for 67%, followed by 10% of the energy storage inverter, and 9% and 2% of the battery management system and energy management system respectively.
The main raw materials of lithium-ion batteries include cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, diaphragm, etc., and cathode materials are the main cost. According to Gaogong Li-power data, the cost of lithium-ion battery materials accounted for about 40% of the maximum cathode materials, anode, electrolyte and diaphragm accounted for 19%, 11% and 8% respectively.
Currently, the cost of energy storage battery core is a downward trend. 2023 since the price of lithium carbonate fell sharply, driving down the cost of electrochemical energy storage. Currently, domestic lithium batteries for energy storage are more often used in lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the materials that win its price factor are positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, diaphragm, electrolyte, collector, structural parts and other items of the unit price.